What happened on 26 January?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1788 First British settlement in Australia First Fleet raises the flag at Sydney Cove (Port Jackson); penal colony of New South Wales established.
2. 1950 Republic Day of India / Constitution adopted India's constitution comes into force; Republic Day still celebrated annually.
3. 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz Ottoman defeat at Vienna 1683 leads to Habsburg-led coalition victory; Ottomans cede Hungary and Transylvania; first major territorial loss.
4. 1841 Britain takes Hong Kong A naval party raises the flag over a thinly peopled island with a deep harbour — a possession the foreign secretary sneers at as 'a barren rock'. Ceded formally at Nanking the next
5. 1939 Barcelona falls and the Retirada begins Franco's armies enter Barcelona almost unopposed, and half a million soldiers and civilians walk north through the winter mountains into French internment camps on the beaches — th
6. 1950 Presidency of Rajendra Prasad India's first head of state, twelve years defining what a ceremonial presidency under the new constitution would mean.
7. 1340 Edward III claims the crown of France Three years into the fighting, Edward III formally proclaims himself King of France at Ghent and quarters the fleur-de-lis into the royal arms of England — where it stays until 180
8. 1926 Baird demonstrates television John Logie Baird gives the first public demonstration of a working television system in London.
9. 1950 Rajendra Prasad sworn in as India's first president The Constitution comes into force and the Bihari lawyer who chaired the Constituent Assembly becomes head of state.
10. 1871 Rugby Football Union founded Twenty-one clubs meet at the Pall Mall Restaurant to found the Rugby Football Union and codify the handling game, formalising football's great schism.