What happened on 13 March?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu Vietnamese forces under General Giáp defeat French at Dien Bien Phu; ends French Indochina, opens Vietnam War.
2. 1610 Galileo's telescope and Sidereus Nuncius Galileo's pamphlet announcing moons of Jupiter and craters on the Moon.
3. 1848 Fall of Metternich Vienna rises, students and workers fill the streets, and the 74-year-old architect of Europe's conservative order resigns after nearly forty years in power, fleeing to London hidde
4. 2013 Election of Pope Francis First Latin American pope.
5. 1848 Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire Vienna rises, Metternich flees in disguise, and revolts erupt from Milan to Prague; the dynasty survives through Windischgrätz's cannon, Russian help and a new eighteen-year-old em
6. 1918 Trotsky builds the Red Army Named People's Commissar for War, Trotsky turns a militia of volunteers into a five-million-man conscript army — re-hiring 50,000 ex-Tsarist officers with commissars at their elbow
7. 1884 Siege of Khartoum Mahdist forces capture Khartoum; General Charles Gordon killed two days before British relief column arrives.
8. 1781 Herschel discovers Uranus William Herschel finds the first planet discovered with a telescope, doubling the known size of the solar system.
9. 1920 The Kapp Putsch fails in four days Freikorps brigades seize Berlin to overthrow the republic; the army refuses to fire on them — 'Reichswehr does not shoot Reichswehr' — but a general strike paralyses the capital an
10. 1591 Battle of Tondibi Moroccan forces with firearms destroy the Songhai army; ends West Africa's classical great power era.