What happened on 30 March?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1862 Les Misérables Victor Hugo's sweeping novel of Jean Valjean and post-revolutionary France.
2. 1699 Guru Gobind Singh founds the Khalsa The 10th Sikh guru initiates the Khalsa community at Anandpur on Vaisakhi.
3. 1746 Born: Francisco Goya Spanish painter and printmaker who chronicled the horrors of war.
4. 1851 The census counts Ireland's missing millions The 1851 census finds 6.6 million people where 8.2 million stood ten years before — a country short a fifth of itself, a million dead and more gone overseas. The population keeps f
5. 1979 Islamic Republic referendum Iranians vote to become an Islamic Republic, founding the new theocratic state.
6. 1844 Born: Paul Verlaine Symbolist poet; lover and shooter of Rimbaud.
7. 1856 Treaty of Paris (1856) Ends the Crimean War; Russia accepts the neutralisation of the Black Sea.
8. 1282 Sicilian Vespers A massacre of the French at Easter vespers throws Sicily into revolt and reshapes Mediterranean power politics.
9. 1855 Mary Seacole opens the British Hotel Refused by the War Office, the Jamaican-born nurse and hotelier pays her own way to Crimea and builds a canteen and sick-house from salvage two miles behind the siege lines, tendin
10. 1972 Easter Offensive A massive conventional invasion by North Vietnam, blunted with US air power after early South Vietnamese setbacks.