What happened on 10 June?

15 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1865 Wagner's Tristan und Isolde Chromatic harmony that pushed music toward modernism.
2. 1692 Bridget Bishop is hanged Eight days after her trial, a thrice-married tavern-keeper with a taste for red bodices — accused by more witnesses than anyone, on decades of village grudge — is hanged on what be
3. 1819 Born: Gustave Courbet Founder of Realism in 19th-c French painting.
4. 1947 Camus's The Plague Allegorical novel of an Algerian plague — read as a parable of Nazi occupation.
5. 1921 Born: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II.
6. 1916 Arab Revolt British-backed uprising against the Ottomans, immortalised in T. E. Lawrence's writings.
7. 1688 The warming-pan prince is born After fifteen years without a Catholic heir, James's queen bears a son — and Protestant England decides the baby was smuggled into the bed in a warming pan. True or not, the birth
8. 1900 The Seymour expedition turned back As the Boxers cut the railway and close on Beijing, Admiral Seymour sets out from the coast with 2,000 sailors and marines of eight nations to protect the legations — and is fought
9. 1955 Glenn Gould records the Goldberg Variations Canadian pianist Glenn Gould's revelatory debut recording of Bach's Goldberg Variations.
10. 1190 Drowning of Barbarossa Frederick I Barbarossa drowns crossing the Saleph river in Anatolia; most of his army turns back, crippling the German contribution to the Third Crusade.
11. 1940 Mussolini declares war on Britain and France With France collapsing, Mussolini declares war to claim a seat at the victors' table — 'I need a few thousand dead to sit at the peace conference.' Roosevelt's verdict broadcasts a
12. 1935 Alcoholics Anonymous founded Bill Wilson and Bob Smith found AA, whose twelve-step method becomes the global template for addiction recovery.
13. 1794 Law of 22 Prairial unleashes the Great Terror The Revolutionary Tribunal is stripped of defence counsel, witnesses and any verdict but acquittal or death. In the next seven weeks Paris guillotines more people than in the previ
14. 1329 Battle of Pelekanon Ottoman victory over Andronikos III destroys Byzantine military presence in Bithynia; opens Anatolia to Ottoman conquest.
15. 1791 Constitutional Act of 1791 (Quebec) Britain splits the colony into Upper and Lower Canada, each with an elected assembly — French and English Canada given separate rooms in the same house.