What happened on 22 June?

15 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1941 Operation Barbarossa Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union opens the Eastern Front; ~3 million Axis troops attack across 1,800-mile front.
2. 1633 Galileo's trial by the Inquisition Forced to recant heliocentrism; spent his remaining years under house arrest.
3. 1944 Operation Bagration Soviet summer offensive destroys German Army Group Centre; Red Army drives from Belarus to the Vistula in six weeks.
4. 1940 France signs the armistice at Compiègne Hitler stages the surrender in the same railway carriage, on the same spot, where Germany signed in 1918 — then has the carriage hauled to Berlin and the site dynamited. France is
5. 1815 Napoleon abdicates for the second time Four days after Waterloo, with the Chambers against him and Fouché managing his fall, Napoleon abdicates in favour of his four-year-old son — a gesture the Allies ignore. This time
6. 1948 Empire Windrush arrives Ship from Jamaica brings hundreds of West Indian migrants to Tilbury; symbolic beginning of post-war multi-racial Britain.
7. 1853 Haussmann's renovation of Paris Baron Haussmann's wholesale redesign of Paris under Napoleon III — boulevards, sewers, public parks.
8. 1555 Humayun reconquers northern India Returning from exile in Safavid Persia, Humayun defeats the Suri Empire at the Battle of Sirhind and re-establishes Mughal rule months before his death.
9. 1772 Somerset case English court rules slavery has no foundation in English law; James Somerset freed; symbolically ends slavery on English soil.
10. 1897 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria 60-year jubilee of Victoria's reign; vast imperial procession through London marks high tide of British Empire confidence.
11. 1774 Quebec Act Britain guarantees French law, language and the Catholic faith in Quebec — keeping Canada loyal through the coming revolution, and enraging the Thirteen Colonies as an 'Intolerable
12. 1402 Battle of Bryn Glas Owain Glyndwr routs an English force at Pilleth, a high point of the Welsh war of independence.
13. 1986 Maradona's Hand of God / Goal of the Century In a single match against England, Maradona scores both the Hand of God and the Goal of the Century.
14. 168 BCE Battle of Pydna Aemilius Paullus crushes Perseus of Macedon; legion proves superior to phalanx in close terrain.
15. 1813 Laura Secord's walk A Queenston housewife walks 32 kilometres through American lines to warn of a planned attack; the ambush at Beaver Dams follows, and Canada gains its favourite heroine.