What happened on 30 June?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1934 Night of the Long Knives Hitler purges the SA leadership and other enemies; Röhm and dozens killed; cements Hitler's grip on Nazi party and state.
2. 1520 La Noche Triste Spaniards and Tlaxcalan allies retreat from Tenochtitlan at night; hundreds drowned or killed; Cortés regroups before final siege.
3. 1960 Congo Crisis / Assassination of Lumumba Post-independence chaos in Congo culminates in the murder of Patrice Lumumba.
4. 1688 The Seven Bishops are acquitted Seven bishops who refused to read the king's Declaration are tried for seditious libel — and a London jury acquits them to cheering in the streets and bonfires across the city. The
5. 1688 The Invitation to William Seven English notables — Whigs and Tories, a bishop among them — sign a coded letter inviting William of Orange to invade and rescue English liberties. It is treason, and it works:
6. 2020 Hong Kong national security law Beijing imposes sweeping law in Hong Kong, ending the post-1997 'two systems' experiment.
7. 1846 Lord John Russell's first premiership Russell's Whig ministry mishandles the Irish famine and stages the Great Exhibition of 1851.
8. 1966 National Organization for Women founded Friedan and others found NOW, the engine of the American women's-rights movement.
9. 1908 Tunguska event A massive airburst, probably a meteor, flattens 2,000 km2 of Siberian forest, the largest impact event in recorded history.
10. 1936 Mitchell's Gone with the Wind Margaret Mitchell's only novel — Scarlett O'Hara's Georgia through Civil War and Reconstruction — sells a million copies in six months, wins the Pulitzer, and fixes the romanticise