What happened on 9 July?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1762 Catherine the Great's reign Enlightened-absolutist empress; Russia expands hugely (Crimea 1783, partitions of Poland) and becomes a great European power.
2. 1962 Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans 32 canvases of mass-market soup; manifesto of Pop Art.
3. 1868 14th Amendment to US Constitution Birthright citizenship and equal protection clause.
4. 1943 Italian Campaign Long, costly Allied slog up the Italian peninsula -- Monte Cassino, Anzio, Po Valley.
5. 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily Operation Husky opened the Italian campaign; Mussolini fell weeks later.
6. 1926 The Northern Expedition unifies China Nationalists and Communists march north together from Canton to break the warlords — and succeed, reunifying China under the Kuomintang flag by 1928. Halfway through, in Shanghai,
7. 1877 First Wimbledon Championships Men's singles tennis championship at Wimbledon.
8. 2022 Sri Lankan economic crisis Bankruptcy and shortages drive crowds to storm the presidential palace, forcing the leader to flee the country.
9. 2011 South Sudan independence World's newest internationally recognised state separates from Sudan.
10. 1850 Presidency of Millard Fillmore Signed Compromise of 1850; Fugitive Slave Act inflamed tensions.
11. 1793 Upper Canada limits slavery Days after Chloe Cooley was bound and sold across the Niagara, Simcoe's Act bars new enslavement — the first legislation against slavery in the British Empire.