What happened on 28 July?

12 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1914 World War I Global industrial-scale war; ends with the collapse of four empires.
2. 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia First declaration of war of WW1.
3. 1902 Born: Albert Namatjira Arrernte watercolour painter; the most famous Aboriginal Australian artist of the 20th century.
4. 1976 1976 Tangshan earthquake One of the deadliest earthquakes of the 20th century.
5. 1984 1984 Summer Olympics boycott Soviet-led boycott of the Los Angeles Olympics in retaliation for the US-led boycott of Moscow 1980.
6. 1887 Born: Marcel Duchamp French-American artist who exploded the boundaries of what art could be.
7. 1942 Order No. 227: not one step back With the south collapsing, Stalin's order is read to every unit in the Red Army: panic-mongers and cowards must be exterminated on the spot; blocking detachments will stand behind
8. 1821 San Martín proclaims Peru's independence Having landed from Chile and entered Lima, San Martín proclaims Peruvian independence in the city's main square and becomes Protector of Peru.
9. 1540 Execution of Thomas Cromwell The architect of the royal supremacy is destroyed by the machine he built: attainted without trial — his own legal innovation — for heresy and treason, and beheaded on Tower Hill t
10. 1480 Ottoman invasion of Otranto Mehmed's army lands in the heel of Italy and takes Otranto, killing hundreds of townsmen who refuse to convert; Rome panics, but the sultan's death next year ends the venture.
11. 1865 Welsh settlement of Patagonia (Y Wladfa) Welsh nationalists led by Michael D. Jones establish Y Wladfa, a Welsh-speaking colony in the Chubut valley of Argentine Patagonia, to preserve the language and culture; the settle
12. 1540 Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard On the day Thomas Cromwell is beheaded, the 49-year-old king quietly marries his teenage 'rose without a thorn', a niece of the Duke of Norfolk, at Oatlands Palace.