What happened on 11 August?

9 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1973 Birth of hip-hop DJ Kool Herc's South Bronx block party gives rise to hip-hop culture.
2. 1919 Weimar Republic Germany's first parliamentary democracy; created at Weimar 1919, undone by economic crisis and Nazi takeover 1933.
3. 117 Reign of Hadrian Adoptive successor of Trajan; consolidates frontiers, builds Hadrian's Wall, travels the entire empire.
4. 1965 Watts riots Six-day uprising in Los Angeles after a traffic stop; 34 killed; foreshadows the wave of 'long hot summer' riots of the late 60s.
5. 3114 BCE Maya Long Count calendar baseline Maya date system anchors creation on 11 August 3114 BCE (Gregorian); accurate astronomical observations underpin religious life.
6. 1804 Austrian Empire proclaimed Anticipating Napoleon's imperial coronation, Francis II declares himself hereditary Emperor of Austria — insurance for the Habsburg title two years before he dissolves the Holy Rom
7. 1492 Alexander VI elected Pope Rodrigo Borgia is elected Pope Alexander VI; a Renaissance papacy by-word for corruption.
8. 991 Battle of Maldon English ealdorman Byrhtnoth killed by raiding Vikings on the Essex coast; subject of the Old English poem.
9. 1942 Hedy Lamarr patents frequency hopping The film star and composer George Antheil patent a jam-proof torpedo guidance system; the idea underlies Bluetooth and wi-fi.