What happened on 16 August?

8 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1958 Born: Madonna Queen of Pop.
2. 1888 Born: T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) British army officer who led Arab Revolt against Ottomans.
3. 1604 Compilation of the Adi Granth Guru Arjan compiles the foundational Sikh scripture.
4. 1946 Direct Action Day Muslim League-called day of protest sparks Calcutta riots.
5. 1924 Dawes Plan American-brokered restructuring of German reparations and stabilisation of the currency; opens the 'golden twenties'.
6. 1819 Peterloo Massacre Yeomanry charge a pro-reform meeting at St Peter's Field, Manchester; 18 dead, hundreds injured; galvanises reform movement.
7. 1858 Transatlantic telegraph cable Cyrus Field's cable from Ireland to Newfoundland links Europe and North America by telegraph; first message sent August 1858.
8. 2009 Bolt's 9.58-second 100 metres In Berlin, Bolt takes his own world record down by more than a tenth of a second — the largest margin of the electronic-timing era.