What happened on 19 August?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1991 August Coup attempt in USSR Hardline Soviet officials try to oust Gorbachev; Yeltsin defies them on a tank in Moscow.
2. 1745 The standard raised at Glenfinnan Charles Edward Stuart lands in the Hebrides with seven companions, no army and pawned jewels — and against every sensible chief's advice raises his father's standard at Glenfinnan,
3. 1839 Daguerreotype announced Louis Daguerre's photographic process publicly announced in Paris; first widely accessible photographic medium.
4. 1936 Death of Federico García Lorca Poet and playwright executed by Nationalist forces at Víznar; symbol of cultural cost of the Civil War.
5. 1989 The Pan-European Picnic breaches the Iron Curtain At a 'peace picnic' on the Austro-Hungarian border, the gate is opened for a symbolic three hours — and six hundred East German holidaymakers sprint through while the border guards
6. 14 Death of Augustus Founder of the Principate dies at Nola; his stepson Tiberius succeeds, demonstrating the dynastic logic of the new system.
7. 1477 Marriage of Maximilian and Mary of Burgundy Months after her father falls at Nancy, Europe's richest heiress marries the emperor's son — the first great stroke of 'let others wage war; you, happy Austria, marry'.
8. 1942 Dieppe Raid Nearly 5,000 Canadians assault a defended French port; over half are killed, wounded or captured in nine hours — the disaster whose lessons were spent on D-Day.
9. 1978 The Rex Cinema fire Arsonists lock the doors of a packed cinema in Abadan and some 470 people burn to death. The crowd blames the Shah's secret police — it later emerges Islamist militants set the fir
10. 1948 Hyperinflation finishes the Nationalists The gold yuan, introduced to halt a currency already printing itself worthless, loses 99.9 per cent of its value within months — wages carried in sacks, savings of the urban middle
11. 1561 Mary, Queen of Scots returns to Scotland Widowed Queen of France at eighteen, the Catholic Mary lands at Leith in a thick haar to rule a kingdom that has just turned Protestant.