What happened on 21 August?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1192 Kamakura shogunate established Minamoto Yoritomo establishes the first samurai government.
2. 1904 Born: Count Basie American jazz bandleader.
3. 1944 The Falaise Pocket closes Ordered to counter-attack instead of retreat, the German armies in Normandy are caught in a shrinking pocket between the Allied pincers and destroyed from the air; the roads out be
4. 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates Senate-race debates over slavery; raise Lincoln's national profile.
5. 1986 Born: Usain Bolt Jamaican sprinter; eight Olympic golds.
6. 1930 Born: Princess Margaret Younger sister of Elizabeth II.
7. 1831 Nat Turner's rebellion Slave revolt in Virginia led by Nat Turner; 60 whites killed; ferocious retaliation; tightens slave laws across the South.
8. 1991 Latvia declares independence Latvia restores its independence.
9. 1765 Born: William IV The 'sailor king' whose reign saw the Great Reform Act of 1832.
10. 1983 Assassination of Benigno Aquino Philippine opposition leader Benigno Aquino is shot on his return from exile, galvanising the movement that toppled Marcos.
11. 1858 Born: Crown Prince Rudolf Only son of Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth, and heir to Austria-Hungary. Liberal, anticlerical and estranged from his father's court, he wrote anonymous press attacks on Habsbu