What happened on 25 August?

13 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1530 Born: Ivan the Terrible First Tsar of all Russia; consolidator and infamous tyrant.
2. 1944 Liberation of Paris Paris freed by Free French and US forces after four years of occupation.
3. 1918 Born: Leonard Bernstein American composer-conductor; West Side Story and decades of NY Philharmonic concerts.
4. 2012 Voyager 1 enters interstellar space NASA probe becomes the first human-made object to cross into interstellar space.
5. 1941 Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran Britain and the USSR invade neutral Iran to secure oil and a supply route to the Soviets, forcing Reza Shah to abdicate in favour of his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
6. 1950 Rashomon released Kurosawa's film of contradictory testimonies; brought Japanese cinema to the West.
7. 1991 The siege of Vukovar For 87 days a Croatian town on the Danube holds out against the Yugoslav army's tanks and artillery until nothing is left standing — the first European city destroyed by war since
8. 1939 The Wizard of Oz released Sepia-and-Technicolor musical fantasy starring Judy Garland.
9. 1830 Belgian Revolution A riot after the opera in Brussels becomes a revolution; Belgium separates from Holland, and the powers guarantee its neutrality — the scrap of paper of 1914.
10. 1989 Voyager 2 reaches Neptune NASA's Voyager 2 makes the first and only flyby of Neptune, completing its grand tour of the four giant planets.
11. 2017 Rohingya genocide Myanmar's military drives over 700,000 Rohingya Muslims into Bangladesh in a campaign of mass killing and arson.
12. 1914 The burning of Louvain Spooked by phantom snipers, German troops burn the Belgian university city of Louvain for five days — its medieval library and 300,000 books included — and shoot hundreds of civili
13. 1685 Bloody Assizes Judge George Jeffreys hangs hundreds of Monmouth rebels; sets seal on James II's reputation for despotism.