What happened on 1 September?

15 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1939 World War II Allied powers defeat Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan; ~70-85 million dead.
2. 1942 Manhattan Project Secret Allied programme that built the first atomic bombs.
3. 1939 German invasion of Poland Wehrmacht crosses the Polish border; Britain and France declare war on Germany.
4. 1501 Michelangelo's David Marble statue of the biblical hero; an icon of the High Renaissance.
5. 1870 Battle of Sedan Prussians capture Napoleon III and his army; ends the Second French Empire and clears the path to German unification.
6. 1920 Non-cooperation Movement Gandhi launches mass non-cooperation with British administration.
7. 1961 Non-Aligned Movement founded (Belgrade) Yugoslav, Indian, Indonesian leaders found NAM.
8. 1923 Great Kantō earthquake Magnitude 7.9 quake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama; ~140,000 killed; mass-violence pogrom against ethnic Koreans follows.
9. 1942 Indian National Army formed Subhas Chandra Bose leads the Axis-aligned INA against British rule in India.
10. 1969 Gaddafi seizes power in Libya A young officer overthrows the monarchy, beginning Muammar Gaddafi's 42-year rule and a new force in oil politics.
11. 1967 The Khartoum 'Three No's' Meeting in Sudan, the Arab League answers the defeat with a formula that forecloses diplomacy: no peace with Israel, no recognition of Israel, no negotiations with it. Israel, whic
12. 1985 Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale Dystopia of a fertility-driven theocratic New England.
13. 2004 Beslan school siege Chechen militants seize a North Ossetian school; the three-day siege ends in a chaotic assault killing over 330, most of them children.
14. 1999 Berlin returns as German capital Federal government moves from Bonn back to Berlin; Reichstag restored under Norman Foster's glass dome.
15. 1952 Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea Novella of an aging Cuban fisherman's struggle with a giant marlin.