What happened on 24 November?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1859 On the Origin of Species Darwin's book setting out evolution by natural selection.
2. 1632 Born: Baruch Spinoza Dutch rationalist philosopher; pantheist; author of the Ethics and the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus; central to the Radical Enlightenment.
3. 1934 The surname law names him Atatürk Most Turks had never carried fixed surnames; a 1934 law requires them, part of the drive to a modern registry state. Parliament reserves one for the president alone: Atatürk — 'Fat
4. 1950 MacArthur's 'home by Christmas' offensive Ignoring signs of Chinese strength, MacArthur launches a final drive to the Yalu, promising the troops will be home by Christmas. Within two days 300,000 Chinese soldiers fall on h
5. 1221 Battle of the Indus Genghis Khan corners Jalal ad-Din, the last Khwarazmian prince, on the banks of the Indus; the prince escapes by leaping his horse into the river, and the Mongols turn back from In
6. 1974 Discovery of Lucy Palaeontologists in Ethiopia unearth the Australopithecus afarensis skeleton 'Lucy', transforming the study of human origins.
7. 1982 Born: Mary Kom Indian boxer; six-time world champion.
8. 1948 Bicycle Thieves De Sica's neorealist film about a poor father and his son in post-war Rome.
9. 1202 Sack of Zara Crusaders sack the Christian city of Zara to pay their Venetian debt; Pope Innocent III excommunicates the army.
10. 2015 Katherine Johnson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom At 97, the NASA mathematician whose hand calculations checked John Glenn's orbit receives America's highest civilian honour from President Obama.
11. 2018 Mary Kom wins a sixth world boxing title At 35, before a home crowd in New Delhi, Mary Kom wins her sixth world championship gold — the most by any woman boxer.