What happened on 13 December?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1545 Council of Trent Ecumenical council of the Catholic Church that responded to the Reformation by defining doctrine, reforming clerical training and standardising the Mass.
2. 1937 Nanjing Massacre Following the capture of Nanjing, Japanese troops perpetrate mass killings of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers, widespread rape and other atrocities in the city and surround
3. 1545 Council of Trent begins Conventional start of Council of Trent.
4. 1989 Born: Taylor Swift American singer-songwriter; named IFPI's best-selling global recording artist of the year six times.
5. 1895 Mahler's Symphony No. 2 (Resurrection) Vast symphony for voices and orchestra exploring death and rebirth.
6. 1981 Martial law in Poland General Jaruzelski declares martial law to crush Solidarity; thousands interned; Solidarity goes underground.
7. 2003 Capture of Saddam Hussein US troops find the deposed Iraqi dictator hiding in a spider hole near Tikrit during Operation Red Dawn.
8. 1577 Drake's circumnavigation of the globe Francis Drake completes the second circumnavigation of the world and is knighted aboard the Golden Hind.
9. 1930 Stravinsky's Symphony of Psalms Commissioned for the Boston Symphony's 50th anniversary, a choral symphony on Latin psalms without violins or violas.
10. 1928 Gershwin's An American in Paris A tone poem of a Yankee strolling Paris, real taxi horns and all, premiered by the New York Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall; later the basis of Gene Kelly's Oscar-winning film.