What happened on 3 March?

8 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1861 Emancipation of the Russian serfs Alexander II frees 23 million serfs in 1861.
2. 1707 Death of Aurangzeb Last great Mughal emperor dies after expanding the empire to its widest extent — and exhausting it.
3. 1924 Abolition of the Caliphate Turkish Grand National Assembly abolishes the Sunni caliphate; institutional end of a 1,300-year office; shock across Muslim world.
4. 1875 Bizet's Carmen premieres Opera comique that flopped at first; today one of the most popular operas.
5. 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia exits WW1; cedes vast western territory to Germany.
6. 1707 Maratha Empire at its peak Hindu Maratha confederacy controls most of the subcontinent before British dominance.
7. 2011 Senedd gains law-making powers A referendum gives the Welsh assembly primary law-making powers, deepening devolution.
8. 1980 Pierre Trudeau's second premiership Back within a year: the patriation of the constitution and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.