What happened on 9 April?

14 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1865 Surrender at Appomattox Lee surrenders to Grant — effective end of the American Civil War.
2. 1917 Duchamp's Fountain A signed urinal submitted as art ignites the readymade and conceptual art.
3. 1917 Battle of Vimy Ridge Canadian Corps captures the German-held ridge in a meticulously planned assault; a defining moment of Canadian nationhood.
4. 1821 Born: Charles Baudelaire Poet and critic; defining figure of French Symbolist poetry.
5. 1865 Born: Erich Ludendorff German general; effective dictator of Germany in late WW1.
6. 1952 Bolivian Revolution of 1952 Major social and political revolution in Bolivia.
7. 1241 Battle of Legnica A Mongol flying column destroys Duke Henry the Pious's Polish and German army in Silesia, two days before the main force crushes Hungary at Mohi.
8. 1942 Bataan Death March Japanese force-march 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners; thousands die from exhaustion, disease, summary execution.
9. 1609 The Twelve Years' Truce Exhausted, Spain signs a twelve-year truce that treats the United Provinces as effectively sovereign — and the new republic, mid-war, is already the richest trading nation on earth
10. 2003 Fall of Baghdad US forces capture the Iraqi capital and Saddam Hussein's statue is toppled, ending the conventional phase of the invasion.
11. 1981 Bobby Sands is elected from his death-bed Forty days into his hunger strike in the Maze, IRA prisoner Bobby Sands wins a Westminster by-election — an MP starving himself to death over the right to be treated as a political
12. 1940 Norwegian Campaign German invasion of Denmark and Norway; secured iron-ore route and North Sea flank.
13. 193 Reign of Septimius Severus African-born general who founds the Severan dynasty; militarises the empire and dies in Britain at Eboracum.
14. 1609 Expulsion of the Moriscos Philip III expels some 300,000 descendants of Spain's Muslims, completing the confessional purge begun in 1492.