What happened on 11 July?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1995 Srebrenica massacre Bosnian Serb forces murder over 8,000 Muslim men and boys; worst atrocity in postwar Europe.
2. 2022 James Webb Telescope first images JWST releases its first deep-field images.
3. 1960 Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird Novel of childhood and racial injustice in Depression-era Alabama.
4. 1921 The Truce ends the fighting in Ireland At noon the guns stop: Britain, unable to crush the IRA without a war its public won't stomach, and an IRA nearly out of ammunition, agree a truce. Five months of London negotiatio
5. 1981 Ghost Town (The Specials) UK No. 1 single by The Specials, reaching the top of the chart on 11 July 1981 and spending 3 weeks at number one.
6. 1940 Pétain's Vichy regime The hero of Verdun takes full powers over the French State, collaborates with Germany and presides over deportations.
7. 1804 Burr-Hamilton duel Vice-President Aaron Burr mortally wounds Alexander Hamilton in a pistol duel at Weehawken, New Jersey. Hamilton dies the following day; Burr's political career is destroyed.
8. 1825 Haiti's independence ransom French warships extract 150 million francs as the price of recognising Haitian independence — reparations to the former enslavers, paid off only in 1947.
9. 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs Flemish guildsmen on foot annihilate the flower of French chivalry at Kortrijk and collect the golden spurs of the dead — still Flanders' national day.
10. 1708 Battle of Oudenarde Marlborough and Eugene defeat the French at Oudenarde; further French setback in the Spanish Netherlands.
11. 1990 Oka Crisis A golf-course expansion onto a Mohawk burial ground brings a 78-day armed standoff at Kanesatake — the confrontation that forced Indigenous land rights onto the national agenda.