What happened on 14 July?

10 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1789 French Revolution Overthrow of the French monarchy; reshapes European politics for a century.
2. 1683 Siege of Vienna (1683) Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa brings perhaps 150,000 men to the walls of the Habsburg capital, gambling everything on taking the 'golden apple' of Ottoman ambition. The emperor flees;
3. 1789 Storming of the Bastille Parisian crowds seize the Bastille prison; symbolic start of the French Revolution.
4. 1933 Germany becomes a one-party state Five months after Hitler took office, the Law Against the Founding of New Parties completes the sweep: the SPD banned, the rest 'voluntarily' dissolved, the NSDAP the only legal pa
5. 1602 Born: Cardinal Mazarin Italian-born chief minister of France, mentor to Louis XIV and architect of French power after Richelieu.
6. 2015 Iran nuclear deal (JCPOA) Iran agrees to limit its nuclear programme for sanctions relief; the US withdraws three years later.
7. 1862 Born: Gustav Klimt Austrian Symbolist whose gold-leaf portraits define the Vienna Secession.
8. 1918 Born: Ingmar Bergman Swedish film director of The Seventh Seal and Persona.
9. 2015 New Horizons reaches Pluto Nine and a half years out, the piano-sized probe reveals Pluto's heart-shaped glacier — the last of the classical planets visited, half a century after Mariner started.
10. 1790 Fête de la Fédération On the Bastille's first anniversary, 300,000 Parisians watch Louis XVI swear loyalty to the new constitution on the Champ de Mars, Talleyrand saying mass over the Altar of the Fath