What happened on 20 July?

12 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1969 Apollo 11 moon landing Armstrong and Aldrin walk on the Moon; humanity's first off-world steps.
2. 1919 Born: Edmund Hillary New Zealand mountaineer who, with Tenzing Norgay, made the first ascent of Everest.
3. 1944 20 July plot Stauffenberg's bomb plot to kill Hitler; failed; thousands executed in reprisals.
4. 1923 Assassination of Pancho Villa Three years into a negotiated retirement on a hacienda — the revolution's last great survivor, farming with his old Dorados — Villa is ambushed in his car in Parral, hit by nine bu
5. 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion Tanganyikan revolt against German colonial rule.
6. 2001 Spirited Away released Hayao Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli film; brought Japanese animation an Academy Award.
7. 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Turkey invades northern Cyprus after a Greek-backed coup, partitioning the island in a division unresolved to this day.
8. 1789 The Great Fear sweeps rural France In the weeks after the Bastille falls, rumours of aristocratic plots and brigand armies race through the French countryside; peasants arm themselves and burn the châteaux records t
9. 1976 Viking 1 lands on Mars NASA's Viking 1 makes the first fully successful landing on Mars, returning images and searching for life.
10. 1936 The Army of Africa is airlifted to Spain With the navy's crews mutinying against the coup and the Strait closed, Franco borrows Junkers and Savoias from Hitler and Mussolini to fly Spain's most feared troops from Morocco
11. 1822 Born: Gregor Mendel Moravian friar whose pea experiments founded genetics.
12. 2019 First moon landing 50th anniversary 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 widely commemorated.