What happened on 20 July?

15 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1969 Apollo 11 moon landing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land on the Moon in Apollo 11's lunar module, then become the first people to walk on its surface.
2. 1919 Born: Edmund Hillary New Zealand mountaineer who, with Tenzing Norgay, made the first ascent of Everest.
3. 1944 20 July plot Stauffenberg's bomb plot to kill Hitler; failed; thousands executed in reprisals.
4. 1923 Assassination of Pancho Villa Three years into a negotiated retirement on a hacienda — the revolution's last great survivor, farming with his old Dorados — Villa is ambushed in his car in Parral, hit by nine bu
5. 2001 Spirited Away released Hayao Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli film; brought Japanese animation an Academy Award.
6. 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion Tanganyikan revolt against German colonial rule.
7. 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Turkey invades northern Cyprus after a Greek-backed coup, partitioning the island in a division unresolved to this day.
8. 1789 The Great Fear sweeps rural France In the weeks after the Bastille falls, rumours of aristocratic plots and brigand armies race through the French countryside; peasants arm themselves and burn the châteaux records t
9. 1976 Viking 1 lands on Mars NASA's Viking 1 makes the first fully successful landing on Mars, returning images and searching for life.
10. 2026 Andy Burnham's premiership Andy Burnham, former mayor of Greater Manchester, succeeds Keir Starmer as prime minister weeks after returning to Parliament at the Makerfield by-election — the first Labour and C
11. 1936 The Army of Africa is airlifted to Spain With the navy's crews mutinying against the coup and the Strait closed, Franco borrows Junkers and Savoias from Hitler and Mussolini to fly Spain's most feared troops from Morocco
12. 1822 Born: Gregor Mendel Moravian friar whose pea experiments founded genetics.
13. 802 Abul-Abbas the elephant reaches Charlemagne Among Harun's gifts to the Frankish emperor, an Asian elephant arrives at Aachen after a journey across Africa and the Alps, and lives there eight years.
14. 1897 Brazilian Academy of Letters founded Modelled on the Académie française, the Brazilian Academy of Letters holds its first session in Rio de Janeiro with Machado de Assis as its first president.
15. 2019 First moon landing 50th anniversary 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 widely commemorated.