What happened on 19 July?

16 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1553 Reign of Mary I Reign of Mary I (1553-1558) as Queen of England.
2. 1864 Taiping Rebellion ends Conventional end of Taiping Rebellion.
3. 1864 Fall of Nanjing (1864) Qing forces under Zeng Guofan retake Nanjing; Hong Xiuquan dead; mass killing of the city's inhabitants; effective end of the Taiping.
4. 1980 1980 Summer Olympics boycott US-led boycott of the Moscow Olympics over the Soviet-Afghan war.
5. 1848 Seneca Falls Convention The first women's-rights convention in the US issues the Declaration of Sentiments demanding equality and the vote.
6. 64 Great Fire of Rome Fire burns for six days, reignites for three more, and devastates Rome.
7. 1979 Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua Sandinistas overthrow the Somoza dynasty in Nicaragua.
8. 1834 Born: Edgar Degas French Impressionist of dancers, racetracks and the Parisian everyday.
9. 1956 America withdraws the Aswan Dam loan Irritated by Nasser's arms deals with the Soviet bloc and recognition of communist China, Washington abruptly cancels its funding for the Aswan High Dam, Egypt's great development
10. 1918 First carrier air strike (HMS Furious) HMS Furious launches the first carrier-based air raid (Tondern raid 1918).
11. 1843 SS Great Britain launched Brunel's iron-hulled, screw-propelled steamship is the largest ship afloat and the first of its kind to cross the Atlantic; she is preserved in Bristol.
12. 1969 Indira Gandhi nationalises India's banks By ordinance, Indira Gandhi nationalises the fourteen largest commercial banks, splitting the Congress party and recasting herself as a champion of the poor.
13. 1545 Sinking of the Mary Rose Henry watches from Southsea as his flagship heels over and sinks in the Solent while engaging a French invasion fleet; her hull was raised in 1982.
14. 1848 Stanton's Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls The Declaration of Independence rewritten with women in it — 'all men and women are created equal' — and a demand for the vote that split the room.
15. 1333 Battle of Halidon Hill Edward III crushes a Scottish army trying to relieve Berwick, its men cut down by massed longbows as they climb the slope — a rehearsal for the tactics of Crécy.
16. 1881 Sitting Bull surrenders at Fort Buford After four hungry years in Canada, Sitting Bull leads his last 186 followers into Fort Buford and has his young son hand over his rifle to the army.