What happened on 23 July?

16 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1921 Chinese Communist Party founded CCP founded in Shanghai with Mao Zedong among its delegates.
2. 1952 Egyptian Revolution of 1952 Officers' coup overthrows King Farouk; Nasser eventually takes power.
3. 1914 Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia At 6 pm Vienna hands Belgrade a 48-hour ultimatum over the Sarajevo assassination, drafted to be refused — Austrian officials investigating on Serbian soil among its ten demands. E
4. 1656 Jama Masjid of Delhi One of the largest mosques in India, commissioned by Shah Jahan.
5. 1977 I Feel Love (Donna Summer) UK No. 1 single by Donna Summer, first listed at No. 1 on the chart dated 23 July 1977 and spending 4 weeks at number one.
6. 1892 Born: Haile Selassie Last emperor of Ethiopia; revered by Rastafarians; deposed in 1974.
7. 1942 Treblinka extermination camp Nazi camp where ~900,000 Jews were murdered in gas chambers; uprising in August 1943; almost no survivors.
8. 1856 Born: Bal Gangadhar Tilak Indian nationalist; 'Swaraj is my birthright'.
9. 1967 Detroit 1967 riots Five-day riots in Detroit after police raid.
10. 1983 Sri Lankan civil war Sinhalese government and Tamil Tigers fight a 26-year war ending in 2009.
11. 1637 Prayer Book riot at St Giles' Cathedral The first reading of Charles I's English-style prayer book in Edinburgh is drowned in uproar — by legend Jenny Geddes hurls her stool at the dean — sparking the Scottish revolt tha
12. 1945 Trial of Philippe Pétain The 89-year-old hero of Verdun is condemned to death for treason; de Gaulle commutes the sentence and he dies on the Île d'Yeu in 1951.
13. 2021 Tokyo 2020 Olympics Pandemic-delayed games held in 2021 largely without spectators; bittersweet contrast to 1964.
14. 2022 Mpox outbreak declared PHEIC WHO declares mpox a global health emergency.
15. 1846 Thoreau's night in jail Thoreau is locked up in Concord for refusing to pay a poll tax that would support slavery and the Mexican War; an aunt pays it and he is released, furious, the next morning.
16. 1840 Pedro II declared of age To end a decade of regency revolts, parliament declares the fourteen-year-old emperor an adult and hands him power — the start of a 49-year personal reign.