What happened on 30 July?

7 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1914 Russia orders general mobilisation After two days of agonising, Tsar Nicholas II authorises general mobilisation in support of Serbia — the step every general staff in Europe treats as war itself. Germany's ultimatu
2. 1766 Pitt the Elder's premiership The Great Commoner takes office as Earl of Chatham, then collapses into illness and leaves his ministers adrift.
3. 1966 England win the 1966 World Cup England beat West Germany 4-2 at Wembley to win football's World Cup, the nation's defining sporting moment.
4. 1912 Death of Emperor Meiji The emperor's death ends the era that transformed Japan; General Nogi, hero of Port Arthur, and his wife commit ritual suicide on the day of the funeral.
5. 1965 Medicare and Medicaid The centrepiece of the Great Society: Johnson signs health insurance for the elderly and poor at the Truman Library, with Truman beside him.
6. 1898 Born: Henry Moore British sculptor of monumental reclining figures and abstract forms.
7. 1818 Born: Emily Brontë English novelist; author of the singular Wuthering Heights.