What happened on 31 July?

4 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1917 Battle of Passchendaele (Third Ypres) British muddy attritional offensive; emblematic of WW1 futility.
2. 1965 Born: J. K. Rowling British author of the Harry Potter series.
3. 1932 The Nazis become Germany's largest party At the summer election the NSDAP takes 37 per cent and 230 seats — the largest party, though short of a majority, and in November its vote actually falls. It is at that moment of s
4. 1914 Jean Jaurès is assassinated France's great socialist tribune — the one man who might have led Europe's workers against the coming war — is shot through a café window in Paris by a nationalist student. His mov