What happened on 10 September?

12 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye Peace treaty between the Allies and Austria, settling the break-up of Austria-Hungary: Austria recognises the successor states and is forbidden to unite with Germany.
2. 1721 Nystad makes Russia an empire The Peace of Nystad ends the twenty-one-year war with Sweden and hands Russia the eastern Baltic coast — the 'window on Europe' secured. Weeks later the Senate proclaims Peter 'Emp
3. 2023 Storm Daniel floods Libya / Derna dam collapse Catastrophic flooding kills thousands in Libya.
4. 2008 Large Hadron Collider switched on The world's largest particle accelerator begins operation at CERN, leading to the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012.
5. 1917 Kornilov affair General Kornilov's attempted march on Petrograd to restore order; collapse leaves Bolsheviks armed and the Provisional Government discredited.
6. 1627 Siege of La Rochelle (1627-1628) Richelieu's royal forces crush the last great Huguenot stronghold; effective end of Huguenot political-military power.
7. 1898 Assassination of Empress Elisabeth An Italian anarchist stabs the sixty-year-old Empress Elisabeth with a needle file as she boards a Geneva steamer.
8. 1780 Battle of Pollilur Tipu, commanding his father Hyder Ali's vanguard, annihilates a British column under Colonel Baillie — the East India Company's worst defeat in India to that date.
9. 1952 Luxembourg Agreement Adenauer and Israel's Moshe Sharett sign West Germany's undertaking to pay Israel and Jewish organisations reparations for the Holocaust — three and a half billion marks, fiercely
10. 1797 Death of Mary Wollstonecraft Ten days after giving birth to Mary — the future Mary Shelley — Wollstonecraft dies of puerperal fever; her widower William Godwin's candid memoir scandalises England.
11. 1951 Renoir's The River Shot on the Hooghly in Bengal, Renoir's first colour film — with a young Satyajit Ray watching on set — about English girls growing up in India.
12. 2014 First Invictus Games Prince Harry, inspired by the US Warrior Games after his own Afghan tours, opens a Paralympic-style contest for wounded servicemen and women at the London Olympic Park.