What happened on 11 September?

19 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 2001 September 11 attacks Al-Qaeda hijackers seize four passenger aircraft; two strike the World Trade Center, one the Pentagon, and Flight 93 crashes in Pennsylvania. The attacks kill 2,977 victims.
2. 1989 Hungarian border opens Hungary opens its border with Austria to East Germans — tens of thousands flood west.
3. 1973 Pinochet coup in Chile US-backed coup overthrows Allende; Pinochet rules until 1990.
4. 2001 The passengers of Flight 93 On the fourth hijacked plane — delayed on the runway, so its passengers learn by phone what the other three have done — the passengers vote, and storm the cockpit. United 93 comes
5. 2001 The Blueprint (Jay-Z album) Soul-sample production from Kanye West and Just Blaze; released on 11 September 2001.
6. 1649 Cromwell storms Drogheda Opening his Irish campaign, Cromwell storms the walled town of Drogheda and puts its garrison — and many civilians and priests — to the sword: perhaps 3,500 dead in a night he call
7. 1893 Vivekananda addresses the World's Parliament of Religions The young monk's 'Sisters and brothers of America' speech in Chicago introduces Vedanta to the West and makes him famous overnight.
8. 1906 Gandhi launches satyagraha in South Africa At a mass meeting in Johannesburg's Empire Theatre, Indians led by the young lawyer Gandhi vow to defy the Transvaal's registration law — the birth of satyagraha, his method of non
9. 1297 William Wallace defeats English at Stirling Bridge Scottish forces under Wallace and Moray rout an English army; Wallace becomes Guardian of Scotland.
10. 1666 Wren proposes a new London Five days after the fire dies, Christopher Wren lays before the king a plan for a city of piazzas and avenues — beaten to the palace door by John Evelyn with a scheme of his own. P
11. 1997 Devolution referendums of 1997 Scotland and Wales vote for devolved legislatures.
12. 1697 Battle of Zenta Prince Eugene of Savoy catches the Ottoman army crossing the Tisza and destroys it for the loss of a few hundred men — the victory that forces the Peace of Karlowitz.
13. 1789 Hamilton becomes first Secretary of the Treasury Washington appoints his former aide-de-camp to the Treasury, where he assumes the states' war debts, founds the US Mint and sets American public credit on a firm footing.
14. 2001 Takeover (Jay-Z) Kanye-produced Blueprint track firing the Jay-Z–Nas feud.
15. 1948 Jinnah dies a year into Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan's founder, dies of tuberculosis thirteen months after independence, having kept his illness secret; Mountbatten later claimed he would have delayed Pa
16. 1709 Battle of Malplaquet Bloodiest battle of the War of the Spanish Succession; Marlborough's allies suffer heavier casualties than the French; political backlash in Britain.
17. 1951 Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress An opera after Hogarth's prints with a libretto by W. H. Auden — the summit of Stravinsky's neoclassical period.
18. 1741 Maria Theresa appeals to the Hungarian Diet With Prussia, France and Bavaria carving up her lands, the young queen goes to Pressburg and wins over the Hungarian nobles, who vote her troops with their 'life and blood'.
19. 1999 Serena Williams wins the 1999 US Open At seventeen, Serena wins her first Grand Slam title — the first by a Black woman since Althea Gibson in 1958.