What happened on 9 November?

12 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1799 Napoleon's rule of France First Consul then Emperor, from the coup of Brumaire to the second abdication after Waterloo.
2. 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall East Germany opens its border crossings after a botched Politburo announcement; thousands of East Berliners stream into the West. Symbolic end of the Iron Curtain and trigger for G
3. 1918 Weimar Republic proclaimed Philipp Scheidemann proclaims the German Republic from the Reichstag balcony.
4. 1918 Abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II Wilhelm II abdicates and flees to the Netherlands.
5. 1938 Kristallnacht Nazi-coordinated pogroms across Germany and Austria; synagogues burned, Jewish-owned shops smashed, ~30,000 sent to camps.
6. 1799 Coup of 18 Brumaire Bonaparte overthrew the Directory and became First Consul, paving the road to empire.
7. 1683 Born: George II Last British monarch to lead troops in battle, at Dettingen in 1743.
8. 1841 Born: Edward VII Long-waiting Prince of Wales who gave his name to the Edwardian era.
9. 1568 Oda Nobunaga unifies central Japan Nobunaga defeats rival daimyo and seizes Kyoto, beginning Japan's late-16th-century unification.
10. 1867 Tokugawa shogun resigns (Taisei Hokan) The last shogun returns power to the emperor, ending centuries of shogunate rule.
11. 1962 Soviet missiles are shipped out of Cuba The last of the forty-two Soviet missiles leaves Cuba aboard eight freighters, deck cargo uncovered so US aircraft and warships can count them at sea — inspection by fly-past, sinc
12. 1993 Destruction of the Stari Most Croat shelling drops Mostar's 427-year-old Ottoman bridge into the Neretva — the war's starkest image of heritage as target. Rebuilt stone by stone by 2004.