What happened on 8 June?

13 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 632 Death of Muhammad Death of the Prophet of Islam in Medina.
2. 1949 Nineteen Eighty-Four Orwell's dystopian novel of Big Brother, Newspeak and total surveillance.
3. 1810 Born: Robert Schumann German Romantic composer.
4. 1812 Lord Liverpool's premiership Fifteen years spanning victory over Napoleon, the Peterloo massacre and the repressive Six Acts.
5. 1857 Siege of Delhi (1857) British forces retake Delhi from the rebels after a months-long siege.
6. 1977 Born: Kanye West American rapper and producer.
7. 1955 Born: Tim Berners-Lee British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web at CERN.
8. 1886 Irish Home Rule defeated Gladstone's First Home Rule Bill rejected by Commons; splits Liberal party and locks Ireland into 30 more years of struggle.
9. 1847 The Gregory clause A clause in the Poor Law demands that no one holding more than a quarter-acre of land receive relief — so the starving must surrender their holdings to eat. Landlords use it to cle
10. 1937 Orff's Carmina Burana Cantata setting 24 medieval poems; the opening 'O Fortuna' is one of the most-recognised pieces of 20th-century classical music.
11. 1637 Descartes's Discourse on the Method Cogito ergo sum - foundational text of rationalist philosophy.
12. 1969 Vietnamization begins Nixon announces the policy of withdrawing US troops and shifting combat to South Vietnamese forces.
13. 1794 Robespierre's Festival of the Supreme Being Robespierre stages a vast civic festival to launch his deist state religion, descending an artificial mountain in the Tuileries like a prophet. To many watching deputies it looks l