What happened on 7 October?

11 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1949 East Germany (GDR) German Democratic Republic established.
2. 2001 War in Afghanistan begins US-led coalition begins airstrikes against the Taliban and al-Qaeda after 9/11.
3. 2001 War in Afghanistan Twenty-year US-led NATO war in Afghanistan against the Taliban, beginning with the post-9/11 invasion and ending with the Taliban's return to power.
4. 2023 Hamas attack and Gaza war Hamas's October 7 attack on Israel triggers a war that devastates Gaza.
5. 1571 Battle of Lepanto Holy League fleet under Don Juan of Austria destroys the Ottoman navy in the Gulf of Patras; ends Ottoman naval supremacy in the Mediterranean.
6. 2023 Hamas attacks Israel 2023 Hamas launches large-scale assault on Israel.
7. 1950 Chinese annexation of Tibet PLA invades Tibet; Dalai Lama later flees to India after 1959 uprising; ongoing dispute over Tibetan religious freedom.
8. 1949 The GDR is proclaimed Five months after the Federal Republic, the Soviet zone answers with the German Democratic Republic — people's democracy in name, SED dictatorship in practice, with Moscow's men fr
9. 1885 Born: Niels Bohr Danish physicist who proposed the quantum model of the atom.
10. 1931 Born: Desmond Tutu South African archbishop and anti-apartheid leader; chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
11. 1763 Royal Proclamation of 1763 protects Indigenous land George III reserves the lands west of the Appalachians for Indigenous nations and requires treaties for any purchase — a founding document of Canadian Indigenous law, and an Americ