What happened on 8 October?

8 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 451 Council of Chalcedon Fourth ecumenical council; defines Christ as one person in two natures; precipitates schism with Coptic, Syriac, Armenian churches.
2. 1829 Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials The locomotive that heralds the railway age and the public passenger train.
3. 1912 First Balkan War Balkan League drives Ottomans almost entirely out of Europe.
4. 1895 Assassination of Empress Myeongseong Japanese agents storm Gyeongbokgung palace and murder Korea's Queen Min, a leader of resistance to Japanese influence, hardening Korean hostility on the road to annexation.
5. 1809 Metternich's ascendancy Austrian foreign minister then State Chancellor: architect of the Congress of Vienna and of the conservative order the 1848 revolutions swept away.
6. 1856 The Arrow incident Chinese police board a smuggling ship flying an expired British flag and arrest its crew — and on this pretext Britain bombards Canton and, with France, opens the Second Opium War.
7. 2005 2005 Kashmir earthquake A magnitude-7.6 quake in Pakistani-administered Kashmir kills over 80,000 people and leaves millions homeless.
8. 1895 Born: Juan Perón Army colonel turned three-time president of Argentina; with Eva he built the workers' movement that still bears his name. Overthrown in 1955, exiled for eighteen years, and re-elec