What happened on 4 November?

21 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1899 Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams Founding text of psychoanalysis: the unconscious, dream-work, repression.
2. 2008 Obama elected US President First African-American President of the United States.
3. 1980 Reagan elected US President Reagan defeats Carter on hardline anti-Soviet platform.
4. 1995 Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin Israeli prime minister and Nobel laureate shot dead at a Tel Aviv peace rally by a right-wing Israeli extremist.
5. 1854 Florence Nightingale at Scutari Nightingale arrives to reform the squalid military hospital at Scutari, founding modern nursing.
6. 1979 Iran hostage crisis 444-day standoff after Iranian students seize the US embassy in Tehran; the crisis weighs heavily on Carter's presidency, and the hostages are freed minutes after Reagan's inaugura
7. 1922 Discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb Howard Carter discovers the entrance to Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings; the burial chamber is unsealed months later, revealing the greatest archaeological find of th
8. 1924 Stanley Baldwin's second premiership The General Strike, the return to the gold standard and votes for women at twenty-one.
9. 1979 Students storm the US embassy in Tehran Enraged that America has admitted the dying Shah for cancer treatment, student revolutionaries scale the embassy walls and take 66 Americans hostage. Khomeini blesses the seizure;
10. 1852 Cavour's premiership of Piedmont and Italy Engineered Italian unification by diplomacy and the French alliance, and became the new kingdom's first prime minister three months before dying.
11. 1576 The Spanish Fury at Antwerp Spain's unpaid army mutinies and sacks the richest city in northern Europe, killing thousands of its citizens in three days. The atrocity seals a deal already agreed: within days t
12. 1899 Sibelius's Finlandia Patriotic tone poem that became a symbol of Finnish national identity.
13. 1983 Wild Style (film) Charlie Ahearn's film starring Lee Quiñones, Fab 5 Freddy and the Cold Crush Brothers: hip-hop's first movie.
14. 1839 Newport Rising Chartists march on Newport demanding the vote; troops open fire, the last large-scale armed rising in Britain.
15. 1862 Gatling gun Richard Gatling patents a hand-cranked multi-barrel rapid-fire weapon; first practical machine gun; saw limited use in the American Civil War and was adopted by the US Army in 1866
16. 1650 Born: William III & Mary II Joint sovereigns brought in by the Glorious Revolution.
17. 1876 Brahms's Symphony No. 1 After two decades labouring in Beethoven's shadow, Brahms at last completes a symphony; the conductor Hans von Bülow dubs it 'Beethoven's Tenth'.
18. 1964 Khomeini exiled from Iran After attacking a law giving American soldiers immunity from Iranian courts — Iran, he says, has been sold for dollars — Khomeini is put on a plane to Turkey. From Najaf and later
19. 2001 Harry Potter film series Eight Warner Bros films from 2001 to 2011, with a near-entirely British cast, become one of the highest-grossing film series ever.
20. 1918 Death of Wilfred Owen Owen is killed leading his men across the Sambre–Oise canal; his mother receives the telegram on Armistice Day as the church bells ring.
21. 1677 William of Orange marries Mary Fifteen-year-old Mary, daughter of the Catholic Duke of York, weeps at the news, then marries her Protestant Dutch cousin William at St James's Palace — the union that will put the