What happened on 28 June?

22 events from the Ever-When timeline, ranked by how much they mattered.

1. 1919 Treaty of Versailles Punitive settlement on Germany; widely blamed for setting the stage for WWII.
2. 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Killed in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip; triggers the chain of declarations leading to WWI.
3. 1751 Diderot's Encyclopédie Vast French Enlightenment reference work attempting to gather all human knowledge.
4. 1519 Charles V rules ‘an empire where the sun never set’ The Habsburg Charles V rules as Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, and lord of the Netherlands, Austria and Spanish America — the first empire said never to see the sun set. He fou
5. 1712 Born: Jean-Jacques Rousseau Genevan philosopher whose Social Contract inspired the French Revolution.
6. 1922 Irish Civil War Pro- and anti-Treaty forces fight over the Anglo-Irish settlement; Michael Collins is killed and de Valera leads the losing side.
7. 1969 Stonewall Inn riots Spontaneous riots after a police raid on the Stonewall Inn — birth of the modern gay-rights movement.
8. 2012 CRISPR gene editing Doudna and Charpentier publish the CRISPR-Cas9 method that revolutionises biology.
9. 1922 The shelling of the Four Courts opens the Civil War With borrowed British field guns, Michael Collins's new Free State army bombards the anti-Treaty IRA garrison occupying Dublin's Four Courts. The explosion that follows destroys th
10. 1948 Tito-Stalin split The Cominform expels Yugoslavia at Soviet insistence after Tito refuses to subordinate his country to Moscow. The first major rupture in the Eastern bloc; sets the template for non
11. 1746 Flora MacDonald spirits the prince to Skye With £30,000 on his head and the redcoats sweeping the isles, the fugitive prince crosses to Skye disguised as 'Betty Burke', spinning-maid to a 24-year-old Flora MacDonald who ris
12. 1519 Charles V elected Holy Roman Emperor Fugger money buys the nineteen-year-old king of Spain the imperial crown over Francis I; one man now rules an empire on which the sun never sets.
13. 1950 Seoul falls — the first of four times Three days after the invasion, North Korean tanks roll into the southern capital; the retreating army blows the Han River bridge with refugees still on it. Seoul will change hands
14. 1575 Battle of Nagashino Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu use disciplined volleys of matchlock fire to crush the Takeda cavalry; firearms warfare comes of age in Japan.
15. 1942 Case Blue: the drive for the Caucasus Hitler's 1942 summer offensive aims not at Moscow but at the oil of the Caucasus — then splits itself, mid-campaign, to seize a city on the Volga that carries Stalin's name. Two ob
16. 1989 Milošević at Gazimestan On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, a million Serbs hear Slobodan Milošević invoke the possibility of 'armed battles' for the Serb nation. He has already stripped Kos
17. 548 Death of Theodora The empress dies of cancer at about 48, and something in the reign dies with her: Justinian, who never remarries in his remaining seventeen years, swears his oaths thereafter 'by t
18. 1577 Born: Peter Paul Rubens Flemish Baroque painter and diplomat; ran a huge workshop in Antwerp.
19. 1539 The Six Articles halt the Reformation Having taken the church's headship and its land, Henry slams the brakes on its doctrine: the Six Articles reassert transubstantiation, clerical celibacy and confession, with burnin
20. 1988 Public Enemy's It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back Hip-hop landmark of political rhetoric and dense sample collages.
21. 1866 Lord Derby's third premiership Derby's third ministry passes the Second Reform Act, nearly doubling the electorate.
22. 1834 Pan Tadeusz Mickiewicz's verse epic of gentry life on the eve of 1812, written in Paris exile — Poland's national poem, opening 'Lithuania, my fatherland!'